The Roman Empire
Shannon Nicholas
Priscilla Stewart
Big Idea: How did propaganda influenced Roman art.
Reading Selection:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWh7CAb2DAI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLxsZLQ0Hnc
Interactive Attention Activity: Draw an idealized image (self portrait) of yourself. What features would you emphasize to show power? Think of this piece as a propaganda piece.
Information and images:
Images:
The Capitoline Wolf (Etruscan Art)
Portrait of Augustus as General (Early Roman Empire)
Portrait of Constantine from the Basilica Nova (Late Roman Empire)
Statue of Augustus,
Prima Porta, Rome.
Museo Chiaramonti, Vatican City
Foundational Knowlege-based Questions:
By the sixth century BCE, a group of people known as the Etruscans controlled a large and powerful empire near the coast of Italy, around what is now Rome. The Etruscans successfully ruled until they were overthrown by the Romans in 281 BCE. Strongly influenced by the Greeks, The Etruscans provided an artistic link between the Greeks and the Romans. The Romans will establish and rule one of the most extensive empires in history. Imposing their culture on all people under their domain, the Romans ruled an empire that stretched from the Euphrates River in the Near East, to North Africa, and to Scotland in Northern Europe.
CHRONOLOGY
- Etruscan Supremacy: 700-509 BCE
- Roman Republican Period: 509-27 BCE
- Early Empire Period: 27 BCE-180 CE
- The High Empire: 180-195 CE
- The Late Empire: 195-400 CE
Roman Republican Period
Introduction
The period known as the Roman Republic began with the overthrow of the last Etruscan king and lasted until the death of Julius Caesar. Historically, the Republic was a time of expansion that was accomplished through war and alliances. The expansion of the empire brought about social, political, and economic changes that defined the empire for centuries.
Sculpture
Republican sculpture was characterized by a rise in the number of official and private images. Verism defined as the rendering of accurate and faithful portraits of the individual became very popular.
The Early Empire Period
Introduction
Tiberius, the stepson of Augustus, began a line of Roman rulers known as the Julio-Claudians. This line of emperors ended with the rule of Nero. A brief period of civil followed the death of Nero but eventually General Vespasian seized control and founded the Flavian dynasty that ruled until 96 AD.
Painting
Wall Painting of the Early Empire-Roman wall paintings were historically and artistically important. The surviving examples are limited in number and are confined to settlements that were buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.
Sculpture
In contrast with the Republican period, portraits of people from all ages were preserved during the Early Empire.
The High Empire Period
The Five Good Emperors-Trajan, Hadrian, and the Antonines were known as the "Good Emperors." Their reigns were times of peace and prosperity.
Architecture and Architectural Sculpture
Typical works from this time period were designed to celebrate and commemorate the regins of the emperors.
Sculpture
Equestrian statues, such as the one honoring Marcus Aurelius represented a break with the classical tradition.
The Late Empire Period
The Severans and the Tetrarchy
The death of Commodus, the son of Marcus Aurelius, marked the end of the Antonine dynasty. The erosion of Roman power became increasingly more evident. Order on the frontier was difficult to maintain. Imperial power was in question. The Severans ruled until the murder of Severan Alexander. Over the next several years, times were chaotic. Finally, in 284 AD, order was restored when Diocletian was proclaimed Emperor by his troops.Diolcletian divided the empire into four regions and created the Tetrarchy (rule by four). Diocletian adopted the title "Augustus of the East".
Discussion Questions:
What did you already know about Roman Art before class?
Why did Roman Art idealize certain people?
Why did Roman Art depict certain people realistically?
Why did the power go to more than one?
How did the Romans use Greek Art?
Artistic Prompt: Just like the Romans copied the Greek artistic style, create an 11x11 piece where you copy an artist's style that you admire.
Resources:
"Otis Art History 09 - Roman Art." YouTube. YouTube, 27 June 2011. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
"Gallo-Roman Era: Luxembourg National Museum of History & Art - Roman Empire."YouTube.
YouTube, 30 Sept. 2011. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
Gardner, Helen, Richard G. Tansey, and Fred S. Kleiner. Gardner's Art through the Ages. Fort
Worth: Harcourt Brace College, 1996. Print.
Powerpoint:
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